181. Which encryption algorithm is quantum-resistant?
- a) CRYSTALS-Kyber
- b) AES-256
- c) RSA-4096
- d) SHA3-512
Answer: A - NIST-approved post-quantum cryptography (SQL Server 2025+).
182. What is a multi-model database?
- a) Supports multiple data formats
- b) Runs on multiple platforms
- c) Uses various storage engines
- d) Implements polyglot persistence
Answer: A - Handles relational, document, graph in one system (e.g., PostgreSQL with extensions).
183. Which feature automatically creates optimal indexes?
- a) Automatic Indexing
- b) Index Advisor
- c) Query Store Hints
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Oracle/PostgreSQL/SQL Server offer variations of this feature.
184. What is predictive scaling in cloud databases?
- a) Anticipates workload changes
- b) Forecasts storage needs
- c) Pre-warms caches
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Uses ML to adjust resources before demand spikes occur.
185. Which statement enables database DevOps?
- a) CREATE DEPLOYMENT PIPELINE
- b) ENABLE SCHEMA DRIFT DETECTION
- c) SET UP DATABASE STATE COMPARE
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Tools like Azure DevOps and Flyway implement these concepts.
186. What is the purpose of the SQL VALIDATE() function?
- a) Checks data integrity constraints
- b) Verifies JSON/XML schemas
- c) Tests permissions
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Implementation varies by DBMS (Oracle: VALIDATE_CONVERSION).
187. Which database offers vector similarity search?
- a) PostgreSQL with pgvector
- b) MongoDB Atlas
- c) Azure Cosmos DB
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Enables AI/ML applications with embedding searches.
188. What is the purpose of the SQL TRACKING_HISTORY() function?
- a) Shows change tracking details
- b) Audits historical queries
- c) Traces lineage
- d) Logs performance metrics
Answer: A - Snowflake-specific function for change tracking metadata.
189. Which statement creates a database clone?
- a) CREATE DATABASE...CLONE
- b) MAKE DATABASE COPY
- c) DUPLICATE DATABASE
- d) REPLICATE SCHEMA
Answer: A - Snowflake/Oracle use zero-copy cloning syntax.
190. What is the purpose of the SQL EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement?
- a) Runs dynamic SQL
- b) Prioritizes queries
- c) Bypasses parsing
- d) Skips permissions checks
Answer: A - Executes string-based SQL statements (Oracle/PLpgSQL).
191. Which database feature enables data mesh architectures?
- a) Federated queries
- b) Data sharing
- c) Secure data products
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Snowflake/Databricks provide these capabilities.
192. What is the purpose of the SQL UNNEST() function?
- a) Expands arrays into rows
- b) Flattens JSON
- c) Decompresses data
- d) Splits strings
Answer: A - Converts array elements to relational format (BigQuery/PostgreSQL).
193. Which statement creates a data share?
- a) CREATE SHARE
- b) MAKE DATA SHARE
- c) ENABLE SHARING
- d) PUBLISH DATABASE
Answer: A - Snowflake syntax for secure cross-account data sharing.
194. What is the purpose of the SQL APPROX_TOP_K() function?
- a) Estimates frequent values
- b) Ranks top performers
- c) Samples data
- d) Calculates percentiles
Answer: A - Probabilistic algorithm for heavy hitters (BigQuery).
195. Which database provides built-in workload management?
- a) Snowflake (Warehouses)
- b) SQL Server (Resource Governor)
- c) Oracle (Database Resource Manager)
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Allocate CPU/memory to different query classes.
196. What is the purpose of the SQL SESSION_CONTEXT() function?
- a) Accesses key-value session variables
- b) Shows connection details
- c) Tracks query history
- d) Manages transactions
Answer: A - SQL Server's sp_set_session_context companion.
197. Which statement enables result caching?
- a) ALTER SYSTEM SET RESULT_CACHE_MODE
- b) ENABLE QUERY CACHING
- c) CREATE CACHE POLICY
- d) SET CACHE RESULTS
Answer: A - Oracle syntax for reusing identical query results.
198. What is the purpose of the SQL ML.PREDICT() function?
- a) Applies machine learning models
- b) Forecasts trends
- c) Scores data
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - BigQuery ML and SQL Server ML Services feature.
199. Which database offers automated anomaly detection?
- a) Amazon Aurora ML
- b) Azure SQL Anomaly Detection
- c) Oracle Database Insights
- d) All of the above
Answer: D - Identify unusual patterns in query performance/data values.
200. What is the purpose of the SQL DATABASE_REFRESH() procedure?
- a) Updates development databases from production
- b) Reloads cached data
- c) Synchronizes replicas
- d) Rebuilds indexes
Answer: A - Snowflake's stored procedure for test data refresh.