200+ Operating System MCQ Questions and Answers

Test your knowledge of Computer Fundamental - [ Operating System ] section with these interactive multiple-choice questions.

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121. What is the key advantage of microkernel architecture?

  • a) Higher reliability due to minimal kernel-space code
  • b) Faster system calls
  • c) Lower memory footprint than monolithic kernels
  • d) Built-in device drivers
Answer: A - Moves most functionality (drivers, filesystems) to user-space servers (e.g., QNX, L4).

122. Which filesystem features copy-on-write (CoW) snapshots?

  • a) ZFS and Btrfs
  • b) ext4 and NTFS
  • c) FAT32 and exFAT
  • d) HFS+ and APFS
Answer: A - ZFS/Btrfs use CoW for atomic snapshots and data integrity.

123. What distinguishes an exokernel from other kernels?

  • a) Provides low-level resource control to applications
  • b) Includes pre-built filesystem drivers
  • c) Uses monolithic design for performance
  • d) Only runs interpreted languages
Answer: A - Exokernels (e.g., ExOS) expose hardware directly with library OSes.

124. Which component is NOT part of a microkernel?

  • a) Device drivers
  • b) Inter-process communication (IPC)
  • c) Basic memory management
  • d) CPU scheduling
Answer: A - Microkernels run drivers in user space for isolation.

125. What is "deduplication" in ZFS?

  • a) Eliminates duplicate data blocks to save space
  • b) Compresses filesystem metadata
  • c) Mirrors data across disks
  • d) Encrypts identical files together
Answer: A - Uses cryptographic hashes to identify redundant blocks.

126. Which OS pioneered capability-based security?

  • a) KeyKOS
  • b) Windows NT
  • c) Linux
  • d) macOS
Answer: A - KeyKOS (1980s) used tokens for object access control.

127. What is "FUSE" in Linux filesystems?

  • a) Framework for user-space filesystem development
  • b) Filesystem encryption tool
  • c) Kernel module for FAT32
  • d) Disk defragmentation utility
Answer: A - Allows non-root users to create filesystems (e.g., SSHFS).

128. Which feature is unique to Btrfs?

  • a) Built-in RAID 5/6 support
  • b) Journaling
  • c) File permissions
  • d) Symbolic links
Answer: A - Btrfs implements software RAID with parity checks.

129. What is "Unikernel" architecture?

  • a) Single-address-space machine images for specific apps
  • b) Microkernel with dynamic modules
  • c) Monolithic kernel with GUI
  • d) Cloud-only kernel
Answer: A - Compiles apps with minimal OS libs (e.g., MirageOS).

130. Which filesystem uses "write-anywhere" layout?

  • a) ZFS
  • b) ext4
  • c) NTFS
  • d) FAT32
Answer: A - ZFS writes data anywhere free space exists (no fixed locations).

131. What is "seL4" microkernel known for?

  • a) Formally verified security
  • b) Windows compatibility
  • c) Built-in Android support
  • d) GPU acceleration
Answer: A - Mathematically proven correctness (used in defense systems).

132. Which OS uses a hybrid kernel architecture?

  • a) Windows NT
  • b) Linux
  • c) FreeBSD
  • d) Minix
Answer: A - Windows combines monolithic (performance) + microkernel (HAL) traits.

133. What is "object-capability model" in OS design?

  • a) Security via unforgeable access tokens
  • b) OOP-based kernel programming
  • c) File metadata system
  • d) CPU cache management
Answer: A - Used in Genode, seL4 for least-privilege security.

134. Which ZFS feature prevents data corruption?

  • a) Checksumming all data/metadata
  • b) Automatic defragmentation
  • c) In-memory compression
  • d) File versioning
Answer: A - Detects silent data corruption via SHA-256/Edon-R.

135. What is "Library OS" paradigm?

  • a) Apps bundle their own OS components as libraries
  • b) Shared system-wide DLLs
  • c) Kernel module repositories
  • d) Package manager databases
Answer: A - Used in Unikernels/exokernels for specialization.

136. Which filesystem is case-sensitive on Windows?

  • a) NTFS (when configured)
  • b) FAT32
  • c) exFAT
  • d) ReFS
Answer: A - NTFS supports case-sensitivity via registry tweak.

137. What is "Plan 9" OS known for?

  • a) Everything-is-a-file design
  • b) First microkernel
  • c) Cloud-native architecture
  • d) Real-time capabilities
Answer: A - Extends Unix philosophy (networks, GUI as filesystems).

138. Which Btrfs feature helps recover corrupted files?

  • a) Self-healing via checksums and replicas
  • b) Automatic backup to cloud
  • c) AI-based error correction
  • d) Version control integration
Answer: A - Uses checksums + duplicate copies if RAID1 configured.

139. What is "NixOS" unique package management approach?

  • a) Atomic upgrades with rollback via hashes
  • b) Cloud-only packages
  • c) Kernel-module autogen
  • d) Blockchain verification
Answer: A - Each package version gets unique /nix/store path.

140. Which microkernel design minimizes context switches?

  • a) L4's synchronous IPC
  • b) Mach's message-passing
  • c) QNX's priority inheritance
  • d) Minix's layered servers
Answer: A - L4 maps IPC to register passing (no full context switch).
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