41. What is the purpose of a virtual machine (VM)?
- a) Runs an operating system within another OS
- b) Increases RAM capacity
- c) Connects to cloud storage
- d) Optimizes GPU performance
Answer: A - A VM emulates a computer system, allowing multiple OS instances on one hardware.
42. Which protocol is used for sending emails?
- a) SMTP
- b) HTTP
- c) FTP
- d) TCP
Answer: A - SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) handles email transmission.
43. What is the function of a device driver?
- a) Allows OS to communicate with hardware
- b) Stores user data
- c) Compresses files
- d) Manages internet connections
Answer: A - Drivers act as translators between hardware and the OS.
44. Which of these is a volatile storage medium?
- a) DRAM
- b) SSD
- c) HDD
- d) Flash Drive
Answer: A - DRAM (Dynamic RAM) loses data when power is off.
45. What does IP stand for in networking?
- a) Internet Protocol
- b) Internal Processor
- c) Integrated Port
- d) Input Peripheral
Answer: A - IP addresses identify devices on a network.
46. Which component is responsible for multitasking in an OS?
- a) Scheduler
- b) ALU
- c) GPU
- d) BIOS
Answer: A - The OS scheduler allocates CPU time to processes.
47. What is the primary purpose of a firewall?
- a) Blocks unauthorized network access
- b) Speeds up internet connectivity
- c) Stores backup data
- d) Manages hardware drivers
Answer: A - Firewalls monitor and control incoming/outgoing traffic.
48. Which of these is a high-level programming language?
- a) Python
- b) Assembly
- c) Machine Code
- d) Binary
Answer: A - Python is user-friendly and abstracted from hardware.
49. What does RAID stand for in storage systems?
- a) Redundant Array of Independent Disks
- b) Random Access Integrated Drive
- c) Rapid Access Internet Data
- d) Read-Only Array of Internal Disks
Answer: A - RAID combines multiple disks for performance/redundancy.
50. Which device converts digital signals to analog for telephone lines?
- a) Modem
- b) Router
- c) Switch
- d) Hub
Answer: A - Modems modulate/demodulate signals for communication.
51. What is the role of an assembler in programming?
- a) Converts assembly code to machine code
- b) Executes high-level programs
- c) Debugs software errors
- d) Optimizes database queries
Answer: A - Assemblers translate low-level assembly language.
52. Which of these is NOT a type of malware?
- a) Firewall
- b) Virus
- c) Trojan
- d) Spyware
Answer: A - A firewall is a security tool, not malware.
53. What is the purpose of an optical drive?
- a) Reads/writes CDs/DVDs
- b) Connects to the internet
- c) Processes graphics
- d) Stores BIOS settings
Answer: A - Optical drives use lasers to read discs.
54. Which networking device operates at the Data Link layer?
- a) Switch
- b) Router
- c) Hub
- d) Modem
Answer: A - Switches use MAC addresses to forward data frames.
55. What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal 'A'?
Answer: A - Hex 'A' = Decimal 10.
56. Which of these is a system utility software?
- a) Disk Defragmenter
- b) Microsoft Word
- c) Adobe Photoshop
- d) Google Chrome
Answer: A - Disk Defragmenter optimizes storage performance.
57. What is the function of a UPS?
- a) Provides backup power during outages
- b) Increases internet speed
- c) Cools the CPU
- d) Manages virtual machines
Answer: A - UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) prevents sudden shutdowns.
58. Which programming paradigm does Python support?
- a) Object-Oriented
- b) Only Procedural
- c) Only Functional
- d) Only Logical
Answer: A - Python supports OOP, procedural, and functional styles.
59. What does GUI stand for?
- a) Graphical User Interface
- b) General Utility Interface
- c) Global User Integration
- d) Graphics Unified Index
Answer: A - GUI allows visual interaction with software (e.g., windows, icons).
60. Which of these is a characteristic of cloud computing?
- a) On-demand resource availability
- b) Requires physical hardware ownership
- c) Limited to local networks
- d) Higher upfront costs
Answer: A - Cloud computing offers scalable, pay-as-you-go resources.